The final score was 1-1 in the first leg of the game between Philippines Azkals and Sri Lanka Brave Reds. The game was held at Sugathadasa Stadium, Colombo, Sri Lanka which accommodates 25,000 people. Fans of both teams came to support.
Sri Lanka’s Midfielder Chathura Gunarathna made the first point during the first half of the game while Filipino-American player Nate Burkey got the point for the Azkals in the second half.
All land can be subdivided by a variety of methods. The most common forms of Urban Subdivision a surveyor does are:
Freehold Subdivision (fee simple)
This is the most common type of subdivision where the land is subdivided to create separate Certificates of Title for each new Lot. The new pieces of land are then solely owned by those named on the Certificate of Title.
Cross Lease Subdivision
This used to be a common type of subdivision and was a way of circumventing the council rules of the time. The total area of land is owned in equal shares by all of those owners of the cross lease.
The individual owners then lease a particular building or buildings that are shown on the Flats Plan for 999 years. The share of land that their building sits on and the building is then registered in a cross lease agreement on the Certificate of Title.
A cross lease tends to be used for two or three houses within the same lease. Any more houses tends to make the management of the leases more difficult. In the cases where there will be 4 or more properties on the same property, a unit title subdivision is a better alternative.
Because the exterior walls of the building are shown on a flats plan, every time the shape of the building changes a new cross lease plan should be prepared.
Unit Title Subdivision
This form of subdivision is used mainly when one building is over another i.e. an apartment complex. But can also be used for individual houses, joined houses or a commercial block of buildings where the owners share common land. In each case a Body Corporate (owners committee) is set up to administer the property, and all property owners become members of the body corporate. A body corporate can be useful if you want to govern how a development is to look or to manage areas of common land. The Body Corporate can employ a company to administer the body corporate rules, collect any levies and keep all property owners informed.
A unit title development is best suited for larger developments of at least four units.
Types of Pier
Piers can be categorized into different groupings according to the principal purpose. However there is considerable overlap between these categories. For example, pleasure piers often also allow for the docking of pleasure steamers and other similar craft, whilst working piers have often been converted to leisure use after being rendered obsolete by advanced developments in cargo-handling technology.
Working piers
Working piers were built for the handling of passengers and cargo onto and off ships or (as at Wigan Pier) canal boats. Working piers themselves fall into two different groups. Longer individual piers are often found at ports with large tidal ranges, with the pier stretching far enough off shore to reach deep water at low tide. Such piers provided an economical alternative to impounded docks where cargo volumes were low, or where specialist bulk cargo was handled, such as at coal piers. The other form of working pier, often called the finger pier, was built at ports with smaller tidal ranges. Here the principal advantage was to give a greater available quay length for ships to berth against compared to a linear littoral quayside, and such piers are usually much shorter. Typically each pier would carry a single transit shed the length of the pier, with ships berthing bow or stern in to the shore. Some major ports consisted of large numbers of such piers lining the foreshore, classic examples being the Hudson River frontage of New York, or the Embarcadero in San Francisco.
The advent of container shipping, with its need for large container handling spaces adjacent to the shipping berths, has made working piers obsolete for the handling of general cargo, although some still survive for the handling of passenger ships or bulk cargos. One example, is in use in Progreso, Yucatán, where a pier extends more than 4 miles into the Gulf of Mexico, making it the longest pier in the world. The Progreso Pier supplies much of the peninsula with transportation for the fishing and cargo industries and serves as a port for large cruise ships in the area. Many other working piers have been demolished, or remain derelict, but some have been recycled as pleasure piers. The best known example of this is Pier 39 in San Francisco.
At Southport and the Tweed River on the Gold Coast in Australia, there are piers that support equipment for a sand bypassing system that maintains the health of sandy beaches and navigation channels.
Pleasure piers were first built in England, during the 19th century. The earliest structures were Ryde Pier, built in 1813/4,Leith Trinity Chain Pier, built in 1821, and Brighton Chain Pier, built in 1823. Only the oldest of these piers still remains. At that time the introduction of the railways for the first time permitted mass tourism to dedicated seaside resorts. However, the large tidal ranges at many such resorts meant that for much of the day, the sea was not visible from dry land. The pleasure pier was the resorts' answer, permitting holiday makers to promenade over and alongside the sea at all times. The longest Pleasure pier in the world is at Southend-on-sea, Essex, and extends 2,158 metres (1.34 mi) into the Thames estuary. The longest pier on the West Coast of the United States is the Oceanside Pier.
Pleasure piers often include other amusements and theatres as part of the attraction. Such a pier may be open air, closed, or partly open, partly closed. Sometimes a pier has two decks.
Early pleasure piers were of wooden construction, with iron structures being introduced with the construction in 1855 of Margate Jetty, inMargate, England. Margate was wrecked in storms in 1978 and was never repaired. The oldest iron pleasure pier pier still remaining is inSouthport, England, and dates from 1860 - however the world's oldest iron pier[1] dates from 1834 and is in Gravesend, Kent. Gravesham council have recently purchased and refurbished this passenger pier.
Fishing piers
Many piers are built for the purpose of providing land locked anglers access to fishing grounds that are otherwise inaccessible.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier
Piers can be categorized into different groupings according to the principal purpose. However there is considerable overlap between these categories. For example, pleasure piers often also allow for the docking of pleasure steamers and other similar craft, whilst working piers have often been converted to leisure use after being rendered obsolete by advanced developments in cargo-handling technology.
Working piers
Working piers were built for the handling of passengers and cargo onto and off ships or (as at Wigan Pier) canal boats. Working piers themselves fall into two different groups. Longer individual piers are often found at ports with large tidal ranges, with the pier stretching far enough off shore to reach deep water at low tide. Such piers provided an economical alternative to impounded docks where cargo volumes were low, or where specialist bulk cargo was handled, such as at coal piers. The other form of working pier, often called the finger pier, was built at ports with smaller tidal ranges. Here the principal advantage was to give a greater available quay length for ships to berth against compared to a linear littoral quayside, and such piers are usually much shorter. Typically each pier would carry a single transit shed the length of the pier, with ships berthing bow or stern in to the shore. Some major ports consisted of large numbers of such piers lining the foreshore, classic examples being the Hudson River frontage of New York, or the Embarcadero in San Francisco.
The advent of container shipping, with its need for large container handling spaces adjacent to the shipping berths, has made working piers obsolete for the handling of general cargo, although some still survive for the handling of passenger ships or bulk cargos. One example, is in use in Progreso, Yucatán, where a pier extends more than 4 miles into the Gulf of Mexico, making it the longest pier in the world. The Progreso Pier supplies much of the peninsula with transportation for the fishing and cargo industries and serves as a port for large cruise ships in the area. Many other working piers have been demolished, or remain derelict, but some have been recycled as pleasure piers. The best known example of this is Pier 39 in San Francisco.
At Southport and the Tweed River on the Gold Coast in Australia, there are piers that support equipment for a sand bypassing system that maintains the health of sandy beaches and navigation channels.
Pleasure piers were first built in England, during the 19th century. The earliest structures were Ryde Pier, built in 1813/4,Leith Trinity Chain Pier, built in 1821, and Brighton Chain Pier, built in 1823. Only the oldest of these piers still remains. At that time the introduction of the railways for the first time permitted mass tourism to dedicated seaside resorts. However, the large tidal ranges at many such resorts meant that for much of the day, the sea was not visible from dry land. The pleasure pier was the resorts' answer, permitting holiday makers to promenade over and alongside the sea at all times. The longest Pleasure pier in the world is at Southend-on-sea, Essex, and extends 2,158 metres (1.34 mi) into the Thames estuary. The longest pier on the West Coast of the United States is the Oceanside Pier.
Pleasure piers often include other amusements and theatres as part of the attraction. Such a pier may be open air, closed, or partly open, partly closed. Sometimes a pier has two decks.
Early pleasure piers were of wooden construction, with iron structures being introduced with the construction in 1855 of Margate Jetty, inMargate, England. Margate was wrecked in storms in 1978 and was never repaired. The oldest iron pleasure pier pier still remaining is inSouthport, England, and dates from 1860 - however the world's oldest iron pier[1] dates from 1834 and is in Gravesend, Kent. Gravesham council have recently purchased and refurbished this passenger pier.
Fishing piers
Many piers are built for the purpose of providing land locked anglers access to fishing grounds that are otherwise inaccessible.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier
Prestressed concrete piles have commonly closed-ended tubular sections of 400 mm to 600 mm diameter with maximum allowable axial loads up to about 2 700 kN. Normal pile elements can be up to about 20 m long and are usually welded together using steel end plates. Prestressing concrete piles has several benefits. Tensile stresses, which can be set up in a pile during driving, can be better resisted, and the pile is less likely to be damaged during handling. Bending stresses, which can occur during driving, are also less likely to produce cracking. However, the ultimate strength in axial compression is decreased as the level of prestressing is increased. Therefore, prestressed piles are more vulnerable to damage from striking obstructions during driving. They are also difficult to cut after installation, and special techniques have to be employed. As a result they are most suitable for applications where the pile length is predictable and constant. Prestressed concrete piles require high-strength concrete and careful control during manufacture. Casting is usually carried out in a factory, where the curing conditions can be strictly regulated. Special manufacturing processes such as compaction by spinning or autoclave curing can be adopted to produce high strength concrete. This type of pile is generally less permeable than reinforced concrete piles and may be expected to exhibit superior performance in a marine environment. Hard steel points (fixed or attachable driving shoes) can be used at the toe of jointed piles for protection when penetrating soils containing boulders, or in weak rock. | |
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The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of port facilities that handle ocean-going vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels. Some ports on a lake, river, or canal have access to a sea or ocean, and are sometimes called "inland ports".
A fishing port is a port or harbour facility for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. In recent decades, regulations to save fishing stock may limit the use of a fishing port, perhaps effectively closing it.
A "dry port" is a term sometimes used to describe a yard used to place containers or conventional bulk cargo, usually connected to a seaport by rail or road.
A warm water port is one where the water does not freeze in winter time. Because they are available year-round, warm water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest.
A seaport is further categorized as a "cruise port" or a "cargo port". Additionally, "cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call". The "cargo port" is also further categorized into a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port".
A cruise home port is the port where cruise-ship passengers board (or embark) to start their cruise and also debark (or disembark) the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetable, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are a very busy place during the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Currently, the Cruise Capital of the World is the Port of Miami, Florida, closely followed behind by Port Everglades, Florida and the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
A port of call is an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary, which may include up to half a dozen ports. At these ports, a cargo ship may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo. But for a cruise ship, it is their premier stop where the cruise lines take on passengers to enjoy their vacation.
Cargo ports, on the other hand, are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by very different mechanical means. The port may handle one particular type of cargo or it may handle numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports". Those ports that handle containerized cargo are known as container ports. Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, the individual cargo ports are divided into different operating terminals which handle the different cargoes, and are operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators or stevedores.
